I-Polyurethane yinto evelayo yepolymer ephilayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Plastiki yesihlanu", kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi zoqoqosho lwesizwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle.Okwangoku, i-China yeyona nto ivelisa i-polyurethane enkulu emhlabeni, ibalwa malunga ne-45% yemveliso ye-polyurethane yehlabathi.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso ze-polyurethane, kunye ne-polyurethane elastomer yenye yazo.I-Polyurethane elastomer luluhlu lwemathiriyeli ye-elastomer equkethe amaqela amaninzi e-carbamate kwikhonkco le-polymer ephambili, kwaye yimathiriyeli ye-polymer enokubuyisela kakuhle emva kokuba amandla angaphandle afakwe kuyo esusiwe.
I-polyurethane elastomers inokohlulwa ibe yi-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), i-polyurethane elastomers (CPU) kunye nokuxuba i-polyurethane elastomers (MPU) ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwayo i-TPU inkulu.Ishishini le-TPU lisebe leshishini le-polyurethane, elikumazantsi oluhlu lweshishini lemichiza yonke, kufutshane nemarike yabathengi bokugqibela.
01 Ukuhlelwa kwee-polyurethane elastomers
I-TPU yimveliso ye-polyurethane elastomer.Izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-polyols, i-MDI, i-BDO, i-adipic acid, kunye ne-ethylene glycol efunekayo kwimveliso yayo yonke i-petroleum derivatives okanye i-by-products, kwaye ziyimveliso ephantsi kwee-petrochemicals.I-TPU lisebe lemathiriyeli ye-thermoplastic elastomer.Yimathiriyeli yepolymer eyenziwe ngepolymer ukusuka kwizinto ezintathu ezisisiseko ezisisiseko: i-disocyanate, i-macromolecular polyol, kunye nechain extender (i-diol ephantsi yemolekyuli).
Xa kuthelekiswa neplastiki yenjongo jikelele kunye nezixhobo zerabha, iTPU inoluhlu olubanzi lobulukhuni, iipropathi ezibalaseleyo zomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu / obuphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenzwa, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusingqongileyo, iplastiki eyomeleleyo, ukuyilwa okuqinileyo, kunye nokubonakala okugqwesileyo.Ayinayo nje i-elasticity ephezulu yezixhobo zerabha, kodwa inamandla aphezulu eeplastiki zobunjineli.
Iimpawu eziphathekayo ze-02 TPU
I-TPU yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo yi-Bayer ngo-1958, kwaye iinkampani ezinkulu zeekhemikhali eYurophu nase-United States zaphuhliswa ngokulandelelanayo kwaye zayibeka kwimveliso.Kwiminyaka yoo-1970, iJapan yazisa izixhobo zokuvelisa iTPU yaseJamani kwaye yazisa iteknoloji yokuvelisa iTPU eTaiwan.I-Mainland yaseChina iye yavezwa kwitekhnoloji yemveliso ye-TPU ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1980, kodwa ayizange iphumelele impumelelo kuphando nakuphuhliso nakwitekhnoloji.Emva kweminyaka yee-1990s, ngokunyuka kwemfuno yentengiso yezixhobo ze-TPU, emva kokuba amashishini afumana inkxaso-mali aseYurophu, eMelika naseTaiwan angena kumhlaba omkhulu, amanye amashishini aqala ukuvelisa nokuthengisa iTPU.
03 Imbali yophuhliso lweshishini lehlabathi kunye nelaseTshayina leTPU
Ngombulelo ekusebenzeni kwayo kakuhle kwemveliso, imfuno yentengiso ye-TPU kwiinkalo ezininzi zezoqoqosho zelizwe ezifana nempahla yabathengi bemihla ngemihla, imveliso yemizi-mveliso, impilo yezonyango, ukhuselo lwelizwe kunye neshishini lomkhosi liye landa kakhulu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo omtsha we-TPU welizwe lam ukhululwe omnye emva komnye, kwaye izinga lokusebenza kwe-TPU liye lanyuka ngokukhawuleza ngo-2018 kunye no-2019. .Ngo-2019, isikali somzi mveliso welizwe lam we-TPU siqhubekile sisanda, ngesiphumo esimalunga neetoni ezingama-512,900.ilizwe lam liye ngokuthe ngcembe ladlula iYurophu kunye ne-United States ukuba ibe ngumvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengi we-TPU, kwaye umyinge wokusetyenziswa konyaka uye wagcina ukukhula okukhawulezayo malunga ne-10%.
04 iTshati yeTrendi yeMveliso ye-TPU e-China ukusuka kwi-2014 ukuya kwi-2019
Echatshazelwe sisehlo seXiangshui ngo-2019, urhulumente wakhawulezisa ukulungiswa kweepaki zemichiza.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-isocyanate ekrwada yonyusa ixabiso lemveliso yezinye iifektri ezincinci.Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi abasekiweyo, kubandakanya iHuafon, BASF, kunye neMeirui, bayaqhubeka nokwandisa imigca yabo kunye nokwandisa imveliso, kwaye bakhawulezise umsebenzi wabo kwimarike.Ugxininiso loshishino luyaqhubeka nokunyuka.Phakathi kwababoneleli be-TPU basekhaya, i-Huafon Group kunye ne-Yantai Wanhua bakwizikhundla eziphezulu kumthamo wemveliso.
05 Ukuhanjiswa kwepateni yemveliso yeTPU yaseTshayina ngo-2019
Nangona imveliso yelizwe lam yasekhaya ye-TPU iphezulu, ayinayo izibonelelo kwiindawo ezahluliweyo.Ngokukodwa kwimarike ephakathi ukuya phezulu, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-BASF kunye ne-Huntsman zineenzuzo ezibalaseleyo zobuchwepheshe.Ngokusebenzisa iimodeli zolawulo olusebenzayo, baye baphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho ngelixa benciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa imveliso, bethatha isabelo esikhulu semarike yasekhaya ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu kunye neyokugqibela.Okwangoku, uninzi lwabavelisi be-TPU kwilizwe lam bayasilela kwiingenelo zetekhnoloji ezingundoqo, ulwakhiwo lwemveliso enye, kunye nenkqubela phambili ecothayo kwiimveliso ezintsha, okukhokelela kukhuphiswano olubuthathaka lwemarike, kwaye kunzima ukwandisa ngempumelelo ingeniso yoshishino.
Umkhombandlela wophuhliso lobugcisa, isikali, ipateni yokhuphiswano, izinga lokukhula, kunye nenqanaba lenzuzo yoshishino lweTPU luxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwimfuno yentengiso yamashishini asezantsi.
Idatha ibonisa ukuba njengoko izinto zerabha zemveli kunye neplastiki zitshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU kuya kuqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye kuya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi zoqoqosho lwelizwe.I-TPU isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimibhobho, iifilim, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zesihlangu, iinxalenye zemoto, i-encapsulation elungisiweyo, ukuhanjiswa kwamashishini, izinto zokuncamathelisa, iingcingo kunye neentambo kunye nezinye iindawo.Phakathi kwazo, izixhobo zezihlangu zezona ntengiso ziphambili ze-TPU, zibalelwa kwi-40% yokusetyenziswa kwe-TPU.
06 TPU yaseTshayina iphethini yesicelo esezantsi
ilizwe lam lelona lizwe livelisa izihlangu kunye nomthengisi omkhulu wehlabathi, kwaye iziphumo zazo zibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50% yetotali yehlabathi.Ubuchwephesha obutsha bezinto zodwa yinto ebalulekileyo yokuvuselela kwishishini lezihlangu.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zodwa zemveli, i-TPU ineenzuzo ezicacileyo ekusebenzeni, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyanda imihla ngemihla.Phakathi kwabo, i-ETPU ineenzuzo ezibalaseleyo ekomeleleni kunye nokufunxa ukothuka.I-sole eyenziwe ngayo inokuthatha ngokufanelekileyo impembelelo yomhlaba kwaye ijongane nonyawo, ibonelela ngesiphumo somgangatho ophezulu.
Lilonke, ishishini le-TPU lineempawu zexabiso eliphezulu leendleko zemathiriyeli, isantya sohlaziyo lwemveliso ekhawulezileyo, iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli, kunye nokwahlulwa okucacileyo kweemfuno zabathengi.Ke ngoko, inqanaba lengeniso yeshishini lichatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo, amandla okuphuhlisa imveliso entsha, kunye namanqanaba eenkonzo zabathengi.Ngokungeniswa okulandelelanayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya kunye nemilinganiselo ejolise kwimpilo yezemidlalo yabahlali, kunye nokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwabahlali kunye nokuchitha amandla empahla yezemidlalo, ukukhula kwemfuno yabathengi yezihlangu zemidlalo ephezulu kuya kunceda ukuphucula indawo yesicelo seTPU. ishishini.Kwelinye icala, kwimarike ekumgangatho ophezulu Kwiindidi ezinjenge-Calendered TPU, i-TPU yonyango, kunye ne-TPU enokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ilizwe lixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni ngaphandle.Ngoqokelelo lwetekhnoloji yexesha elide kunye notyalo-mali lwe-R&D lweenkampani zasekhaya ze-TPU, kulindeleke ukuba kuqhawuke kulawulo lweenkampani zangaphandle kwaye zandise enye indawo yasekhaya.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-03-2023